Anthology contents

King James VI and I of Scotland and England (1566-1625)

From the Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie:

[Miscellaneous poems]


Song: The first verses that ever the King made

Sen thocht is frie, think quhat thow will
O troublit hairt, to eiss thy paine;
Thocht unrevelit can doe na ill,
Bot wordes past out cummis not againe:
Be cairfull ay for to invent
The way to get thy awin intent.
To play thy self with thy awin consait
And lat nane knaw quhat thow dois mene,
Houp ay at last thocht it be lait
To thyne intent for to attene:
Lat quhyllis it brek furth in effect,
Bot ay let wit thy will correct.
Sen fuilhaist cummis not greatest speid,
I wald thow souldest learne to knaw
How to mak vertew of thy neid,
Sen that necessitie hes no law:
With patience then thow attend,
And houp to vanqueis in the end.

An admonition to the Master poet

to be warr of great bragging hereafter, lest he not onlie slander himselfe, bot also the whole professours of the art

Geiv patient eire to sumthing I man say,
man: must
Belovit Sanderis, maister of oure airt:
The mous did help the lyon one a day,
Sa I protest ye tak it in guid pairt,
My admonition cumming from a hairt
That uishis ueill to you and all youre craft,
Quha uald be sory for to see you smairt
Thocht uther poetes trouis ye be gain daft.
A freind is ay best kend in time of neid,
Quhilk is the caus that garris me tak sik caire
garris: causes
Nou for youre state, sen thair is cause indeid,
For all the poetis leavs you standand baire:
Auld cruikid Robert makis of you the haire,
And elf-gett Polluart helpis the smithy smuik --
elf-gett: elf-begottensmuik: smoke
He countis you done, and hopes but ony maire
His time about to uinn the chimlay nuik.
Bot as the guid chirurgian oft dois use,
chirurgian: surgeon
I meane to rype the uound befoir he heald:
rype: search
Apardoun me, and think it na excuse,
Suppois I tell the cause quhy thay have raild,
And sine considder quither ye have failde,
Or quhat hes causid thaim this uay to bakbite you:
In to that craft thay never yit prevaild,
Abeit of lait thay hope for till out flyte you.
out flyte: overcome through abuse
For ye uas crakking crouslie of youre broune
crakking: chatteringcrouslie: boldly
(Gif Robert lye not) all the uther nicht,
That thaire uas ony lyke hime in this toune
Apon the grounde, ye uald not latt it licht;
He uas sa firry, spedy, yauld and uicht,
yauld: vigorousuicht: strong
For to be schort, he uas ane epersi:
epersi: very best
Bot yit belive ye sau ane uther sicht
Or [all] uas done, or Robins ryme dois lye.
Thus crakkit ye and braggit but reply
Or ansuer maid be ony present than,
As Dares did quhenas he did ourhye
ourhye: override
Eneas court, nor could not find a man
That matche him durst: the stirk for him that uanne
stirk: bullock
Quhilk ordeind uas, he craved at Enes hand,
And said: 'Sen thair is nane that dou or can
Be matche to me, quhat langer sall I stand.
Delay na maire, bot gif me the reuairde
Preordinat for thaim that victor uar.'
Thus Dares endit, but Aeneas staird
The camp about. 'Sen thair is nane that darre,'
Aeneas saide, 'bot all seamis very skarr
skarr: afraid
To sey yone man, garr bring the bullok sone.'
Thus as he bad thay brocht the bullok nar,
Quhilk had hir hornis ourgiltit all abone.
Amangis the armee quhilk uar uitnes thair,
And not but uonder hard yone Dares boast,
Entellus raiz, a man of stature maire
Nor Dares uas, and said: 'Cheif of oure oast,
I nou repent my former youth is loast,
Bot sen I see he shames youre armee sa,
Have at him than, it sall be on his coast,
As I beleve, gif Ioue be not my fa.'
The circumstances of this bargan keine
I uill remitt to Virgils ornat stile,
Bot ueill I uatt Entellus sone uas sene
Be all to uinn: sa crakkit ye a quhile
That nane micht neir you skairslie be a mile,
Till youre Entellus hard you at the last.
The day uas sett, bot ye begouth to smyle
The uaifring uorde did spredde abrede belyve
Of all youre crakkis and bargane that uas maide:
Ilk ane uith uther bissilly did strive
Quha sould be sonest at that solemne raide,
That thay micht judge quhilk of the hors sould leide.
Ye said thair ualde na question be of that;
Besides, ye saide, ye cairid not a thaire feade;
feade: enmity
Brekis thay uald the race, it sould no latt.
latt: hinder (you)
That nicht ye ceist and uent to bed, bot greind
greind: longed
Yit fast for day, and thocht the nicht to lang:
At last Diana doune hir head reclind;
Into the sea than Lucifer upsprang,
Auroras post, quhom sho did send amang
The getty cloudis for to fortell ane houre
getty: jet-black
Afoir sho stay hir teares, quhilk Ovide sang
Uas for hir love quhilk turnit in a floure.
Fra Lucifer had thus his message done,
The rubie virgine came for to forspeake
forspeake: announce
Apollos cumming in his glistring throne,
Quha souddanlie thairefter cleir did keik
keik: look
Outhrouch his cairte, quhair Eous uas eik
Uith uther thre quhilk Phaeton had drauin
About the earth, quhill he became sa seik
As he fell doun quhair Neptun fand him fauin.
fauin: fallen
Bot to conclud, the houre appointit came;
Ye made you readie for to rin the race:
Ye brakk together and ran out the same,
As Robin sayis, it had bene fild your face:
It chancit ye uar forrunn a prettie space,
A mile or mair, that keipit it sa clene.
Quhen [all] uas done ye had sa ill a grace
Ye sta auay, and luikit lyke Rob Stene.

Sonnettt

Remember of my protestation nou,
97
And think that love hes gart me tak thir panis:
Fullis counsall quhiles uill help uise men, I trou,
Quhilk is the cause that garris me brek me branis.
Greit hope hes he quhom uthers parrellis ganis,
That movit me for to repet yone storie:
Proud Dares fall, for all his micht and menis,
Culd nauayes teache you to be uarr of glorye,
Nor yit ye uald not call to memorie
Quhat grund ye gave to Cristiane Lindsay by it;
For nou sho sayis quhilk makis us all full sorie.
Youre craft to lye, uith leave, nou have I triit:
The proverb sayes that mendis is for misdeid --
Crake not agane na farther nor the creid.

From the Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie:

Sonnet decifring the perfyte poete

Ane rype ingyne, ane quick and walkned witt,
With sommair reasons, suddenlie applyit,
sommair: brief, summary
For every purpose using reasons fitt
With skilfulnes, where learning may be spyit,
With pithy wordis, for to expres ȝow by it
His full intention in his proper leid,
leid: language
The puritie quhairof, weill hes he tryit;
With memorie to keip quhat he dois reid,
With skilfulnes and figuris, quhilks proceid
From Rhetorique, with everlasting fame,
With uthers woundring, preassing with all speid
For to attene to merite sic a name:
All thir into the perfyte Poete be.
Goddis, grant I may obteine the laurell trie!

[A sonnet sequence (1)]

1

First Jove, as greatest God above the rest,
Graunt thou to me a pairt of my desyre,
That when in verse of thee I wryte my best,
This onely thing I earnestly requyre:
That thou my veine poetique so inspyre
As they may suirlie think, all that it reid,
When I descryve thy might and thundring fyre,
That they do see thy self in verie deid
From heaven thy greatest thunders for to leid,
And syne upon the Gyants heads to fall;
Or cumming to thy Semele with speid
In thunders least at her request and call;
Or throwing Phaethon downe from heaven to eard,
With threatning thunders making monstrous reard.
reard: din

2

Apollo nixt, assist me in a parte,
1
Sen unto Jove thou secound art in might,
That when I do descryve thy shyning carte
The readers may esteme it in their sight;
And graunt me als, thou worlds o onely light,
That when I lyke for subject to devyse
To wryte, how as before thy countenance bright
The yeares do stand, with seasons dowble twyse,
That so I may descryve the verie guyse
Thus by thy help, of yeares wherein we live,
As readers syne may say: Heir surely lyes
Of seasons fowre, the glasse and picture vive!
Grant als that so I may my verses warpe
warpe: turn
As thou may play them syne upon thy harpe.

3

And first, o Phoebus, when I do descrive
1
The Springtyme, sproutar of the herbes and flowris,
Whomewith in rank none of the foure do strive,
But nearest thee do stande all tymes and howris,
Graunt readers may esteme they sie the showris
Whose balmie dropps so softlie dois distell,
Which watrie cloudds in mesure suche downe powris,
As makis the herbis and verie earth to smell
With savours sweit, fra tyme that onis thy sell
The vapouris softlie sowkis with smyling cheare,
Whilks syne in cloudds are keiped closs and well,
Whill vehement Winter come in tyme of yeare.
Graunt, when I lyke the Springtyme to displaye,
That readers think they sie the Spring alwaye.

4

And graunt I may so vively put in verse
1
vively: in lively fashion
The Sommer, when I lyke theirof to treat,
As when in writ I do theirof reherse,
Let readers think they fele the burning heat
And graithly see the earth, for lacke of weit
graithly: readily
With withering drouth and sunne so gaigged all,
drouth: dry weather
As for the grasse on feild, the dust in streit
Doth ryse and flee aloft, long or it fall.
Yea, let them think they heare the song and call
Which Floras wingde musicians maks to sound,
And that to taste and smell, beleve they shall
Delicious fruictis, whilks in that tyme abound;
And schortly, all their senses so bereaved
As eyes and earis and all may be deceaved.

5

Or when I lyke my pen for to imploy
1
Of fertile Harvest in the description trew,
Let readers think they instantly convoy
The busie shearers for to reap their dew
By cutting rypest cornes with hookes anew,
Which cornes their heavy heads did dounward bow,
Els seking earth againe, from whence they grew,
And unto Ceres do their service vow.
Let readers also surely think and trow
They see the painfull vigneron pull the grapes,
First tramping them, and after pressing now
The grenest clusters gathered into heapes.
Let then the Harvest so vive to them appeare
As if they saw both cornes and clusters neare.

6

But let them think in verie deid they feill,
1
When as I do the Winters stormes unfolde,
The bitter frosts which waters dois congeill
In Winter season, by a pearcing colde;
And that they heare the whiddering Boreas bolde,
whiddering: blowing, gusting
With hiddeous hurling rolling rocks from hie;
Or let them think they see god Saturne olde,
Whose hoarie haire, owercovering earth, maks flie
The lytle birds in flocks, fra tyme they see
The earth and all with stormes of snow owercled.
Yea, let them think they heare the birds that die
Make piteous mone, that Saturnes hairis are spred:
Apollo, graunt thir foirsaid suitis of myne,
All fyve I say, that thou may crowne me syne.

7

And when I do descrive the Oceans force
1
Graunt syne, o Neptune, god of seas profound,
That readers think on leeboard, and on dworce,
dworce: athwart
And how the seas owerflowed this massive round;
Yea, let them think they heare a stormy sound,
Which threatnis wind and darknes come at hand,
And water in their shipps syne to abound,
By weltring waves, like hyest towres on land.
Then let them thinke their shipp now low on sand,
Now climmes and skippes to top of rageing seas,
Now downe to Hell, when shippmen may not stand,
But lifts their hands to pray thee for some eas.
Syne let them think thy trident doth it calme,
Which maks it cleare and smothe, lyke glas or alme.
alme: alum

8

And graunt the lyke when as the swimming sort
1
Of all thy subjects skaled I list declare:
As Triton, monster with a manly port,
Who drownd the Troyan trumpetour most raire;
As Marmaids wyse, who wepis in wether faire;
And marvelous Monkis, I meane Monkis of the sea.
Bot what of monsters when I looke and staire
On wounderous heapes of subjectis serving the?
As whailes so huge, and sea eylis rare, that be
Myle longs, in crawling cruikis of sixtie pace,
cruikis: curls
And daulphins, seahorse, selchs with oxin ee,
selchs: seals
And merswynis, pertrikis als of fishes race.
merswynis: dolphinspertrikis: partridges
In short, no fowle doth flie nor beast doth go
Bot thow hast fishes lyke to them, and mo.
mo: more

9

O dreidfull Pluto, brother thrid to Jove,
1
With Proserpin thy wife, the quene of Hell,
My sute to yow is, when I like to loave
loave: praise
The joyes that do in Elise field excell,
Or when I like great Tragedies to tell,
Or flyte, or murne my fate, or wryte with feare
flyte: abuse
The plagues ye do send furth with Dirae fell,
Let readers think that both they see and heare
Alecto, threatning Turnus sister deare,
And heare Celaenos wings, with Harpyes all,
And see dog Cerberus rage with hiddeous beare,
beare: din
And all that did Aeneas once befall,
When as he past throw all those dongeons dim,
The foresaid feilds syne visited by him.

10

O furious Mars, thow warlyke souldiour bold,
1
And hardy Pallas, goddess stout and grave,
Let readers think, when combats manyfold
I do descrive, they see two champions brave,
With armies huge approching to resave
Thy will, with cloudds of dust into the air;
Syne phifers, drummes and trumpets cleir do crave
phifers: fifers
The pelmell chok with larum loude alwhair;
Then nothing hard but gunnis, and ratling fair
Of speares, and clincking swords with glaunce so cleir,
As if they foght in skyes, then wrangles thair
Men killd, unkilld, whill Parcas breath reteir:
There lyes the venquisht wailing sore his chaunce,
Here lyes the victor, rewing els the daunce.

11

And at your handis I earnestly do crave,
1
O facound Mercure, with the Muses nyne,
That for conducting guyde I may you have,
Aswell unto my pen as my ingyne.
ingyne: wit
Let readers think thy eloquence devyne,
O Mercure, in my poems doth appeare,
And that Parnassis flowing fountaine fyne
Into my works doth shyne lyke cristall cleare.
O Muses, let them thinke that they do heare
Your voyces all into my verse resound,
And that your vertewis singuler and seir
seir: many
May wholly all in them be also found.
Of all that may the perfyte poems make,
I pray you let my verses have no lake.

12

In short, you all forennamed gods I pray
1
For to concur with one accord and will
That all my works may perfyte be alway;
Which if ye doe, then sweare I for to fill
My works immortall with your praises still:
I shall your names eternall ever sing,
I shall tread downe the grasse on Parnass hill
By making with your names the world to ring;
I shall your names from all oblivion bring;
I lofty Virgill shall to life restoir;
My subjects all shalbe of heavenly thing,
How to delate the gods immortals gloir.
Essay me once, and if ye find me swerve,
Then thinke I do not graces such deserve.

Ane schort poeme of tyme

As I was pansing in a morning aire,
pansing: pondering
And could not sleip nor nawayis take me rest,
Furth for to walk, the morning was sa faire,
Athort the feilds, it semed to me the best.
Athort: across
The east was cleare, whereby belyve I gest
belyve: soon
That fyrie Titan cumming was in sight,
Obscuring chast Diana by his light,
Who by his rysing in the azure skyes
Did dewlie helse all thame on earth do dwell;
helse: kiss, embrace
The balmie dew through birning drouth he dryis,
Which made the soile to savour sweit and smell
By dewe that on the night before downe fell,
Which then was soukit vp by the Delphienns heit
Up in the aire, it was so light and weit;
Whose hie ascending in his purpour sphere
Provoked all from Morpheus to flee,
As beasts to feid and birds to sing with beir,
beir: din
Men to their labour, bissie as the bee;
Yet ydle men devysing did I see
How for to dryve the tyme that did them irk,
By sindrie pastymes, quhill that it grew mirk.
Then woundred I to see them seik a wyle,
So willinglie the precious tyme to tyne,
tyne: lose
And how they did them selfis so farr begyle
To fashe of tyme, which of it selfe is fyne.
fashe: be annoyed with
Fra tyme be past, to call it bakwart syne
Is bot in vaine; therefore men sould be warr
To sleuth the tyme that flees fra them so farr.
sleuth: waste
For what hath man bot tyme into this lyfe,
Which gives him dayis his God aright to knaw?
Wherefore then sould we be at sic a stryfe,
So spedelie our selfis for to withdraw
Evin from the tyme, which is on nawayes slaw
To flie from us, suppose we fled it noght?
More wyse we were if we the tyme had soght.
Bot sen that tyme is sic a precious thing,
I wald we sould bestow it into that
Which were most pleasour to our heavenly King.
Flee ydilteth, which is the greatest lat!
ydilteth: idlenesslat: obstruction
Bot sen that death to all is destinat,
Let us imploy that tyme that God hath send us
In doing weill, that good men may commend us.

[Miscellaneous poems]

Sonnet on the moneth of May

Haill mirthfull May, the moneth full of joye!
Haill mother milde of hartsume herbes and floures!
Haill fostrer faire of everie sporte and toye,
And of Auroras dewis and summer shoures!
Haill friend to Phoebus and his glancing houres!
Haill sister scheine to Nature, breeding all
Who by the raine that cloudie skies out pouris
And Titans heate reformes the faided fall
In woefull winter by the frostie gall
Of sadd Saturnus, tirrar of the trees;
And now by Natures might and thine, they shall
Be florish'd faire with colours that agrees.
Then lett ws all be gladd to honour the,
As in olde tymes was ever wonte to be.

Song

When as the skillfull archer false
Inflam'd and pearc'd by craftie arte
Leanders hart and Heros als
By his so firie golden darte
Fra Cupide blinde assailde
With bowe and shaft
His will they never failde
Such was his craft.
And ever from that tyme agoe
There love to others never past
Whill fortune was there mortall foe
And made them perishe both at last;
The raging seas they war
Twixt them a barr,
There cheefest toyle and caire
To swimme so farr.
Bot liker is my fortune raire,
Since seas divydes ws not at all,
To Piramus and Thisbe faire,
Devyded onlie by a wall,
Which in it hade a bore
Wherethrough they spake
Which of a chance before
Dame Fortune brake.
The verrie like did ws befall
As them of whome I shewe before:
We distant are by such a wall,
And often spacke by such a bore
Whill Envie called a naile
There through so strate,
As made our moyen faile
moyen: means
To speake of late.

Psalm 1

That mortall man most happy is and blest
Who in the wickeds counsals doth not walk,
Nor ȝit in sinners wayis doth stay and rest,
Nor sittis in seatis of skornfull men in talk,
Bot contrair fixis his delicht
Into Jehovas law,
And on His law doth day and nicht
To think is never slaw.
He salbe lyik a plesant plantit tree
Upon a rever syde incressing tal,
That yeildis hir frute in saison dew, we see,
Whose plesant leif doth never fade nor fal.
Now this is surely for to say,
That quhat He takis in hand,
It sal withoutin doute alway
Most prosperously stand.
Bot wickit men ar nowayis of that band,
Bot as the caffe quhich be the wind is tost;
caffe: chaff
Thairfor thay sall not in that jugement stand,
Nor yett among the just be sinneris lost;
For gret Jehova cleirly knowis
The just mens way upricht,
Bot sure the wickeds way that throwis
Sall perish be His micht.

[Ane Epitaphe on Sir Philip Sidney]

Thou mighty Mars, the lord of souldiers brave,
And thou, Minerve, that dois in wit excell,
And thou Apollo, who dois knowledge have
Of every art that from Parnassus fell,
With all your sisters that thaireon do dwell:
Lament for him who duelie serv'd you all,
Whome in you wisely all your arts did mell;
Bewaile, I say, his inexspected fall.
I neede not in remembrance for to call
His race, his youth, the hope had of him ay,
Since that in him doth cruell Death appall
Both manhood, wit and learning every way;
Bot yet he doth in bed of honor rest,
And evermore of him shall live the best.

To the Queene

As on the wings of your enchanting fame
I was transported ou'r the stormie seas,
Who coulde not quenche that restles burning flame
Which onlie ye by sympathie did mease,
mease: assuage
So can I troubled be with no disease,
Bot ye my onlie medicinar remaines,
medicinar: physician
And easilie, when ever that ye please,
May salve my sores and mitigatt my paines.
Your smiling is an antidote againes
The melancholie that oppresseth me,
And when a raging wrathe into me raignes,
Your loving lookes may make me calme to be.
How oft yow see me have an heavie hart,
Remember then, sweet doctour, on your art!

[A sonnet sequence (2)]

1

The Cheviott hills doe with my state agree
In everie point, excepting onelie one,
For as there toppes in cloudes are mounted hie,
So all my thoughts in skies be higher gone;
There foote is fast, my faithe a stedfast stone;
From them discends the christall fontains cleare,
And from mine eyes butt fained force and mone
Hoppes trickling teares with sadd and murnefull cheare;
From them great windes doe hurle with hiddeous beir,
From me deepe sighs; greate flocks of sheepe they feede,
I flockes of love; no fruicts on them appeare,
My houpe to me no grace can bring or breede.
In these alike, in this we disagree:
That snowe on them, and flames remaines in me.

2

As man, a man am I composed all
1
Of brethren foure which did this worlde compone,
compone: compose
Yett unto me doth suche a chance befall
As I, of mankinde all, am he alone
Who of the foure possesseth onelie one:
My flames of love to firie heaven be past;
My aire in sighs evanish'd is and gone;
My moysture into teares distilling fast;
Now onelie earthe remaines with me at last,
That am denuded of the other three.
Then, crewell dame, since unto suche a cast
cast: lot
Your onelie beautie thus compelleth me,
Send als my earth with earthe for to remaine,
Or els restore me to my selfe againe.

3

If he that lackes the light may justlie mone,
1
And eke lament his miserable cace,
As he to whome all wordlie joye is gone
When drearie darknes cumes in Phoebus place,
How muche the more may I lament, allace!
The absence of my onelie lampe of light,
Since lezardlike I feede upon her face,
And suckes my satisfaction from her sight.
No more may I then marigolde by night
Beare blossomes when no sighte of sunne I have,
For you, madame, have by your beauties might
Bereft, and brookes, my hart, your humble slave:
brookes: enjoy
How may a man, a floure, a corps in smart
See, blossome, breathe, but eyes, but sunne, but hart?

4

Come, fruictfull thoughts, that fertill ever flowes,
1
And showe what sicknes smites my heavie hart:
The more I muse, my greefe the greater growes
And painefull pangues of passions playe there parte.
My evill, it is incurable by art
And keepis a contrare course to nature cleene;
My minde delights to pance upon his smart
pance: ponder
And feede on flames, though secrete and unseene.
Bot as my brest a butt full long hath bene
To sightles shotts, so on the other side,
O ye my harts allurer by my eyen,
Respect with ruthe the bale I daylie bide!
ruthe: pitybale: sorrow
Then, since we bothe like sorrowe doe sustaine,
Bothe preasse to turne in pleasure all our paine.

5

Although that crooked, crawling Vulcan lie
1
An-under ashes colde, as oft we see,
As senseles deade whill by his heaye he drie
whill: until
The greene and fizzing faggots made of tree;
Then will that litle sponke and flaming eye
sponke: spark
Bleaze bravelie forth and sparkling all abreed
With wandling wp, a wondrous sight to see,
wandling: flickering
Kithe clearlie then, and on the faggots feede;
Kithe: show
So am I forced for to confesse indeede
My sponke of love, smor'd under coales of shame
smor'd: smothered
By Beauties force, the fosterer of that seede,
Now budds and bursts in an appearing flame.
Bot since your beautie hath this wonder wroght,
I houpe, madame, it shall not be for noght.

6

O womans witt, that wavers with the winde,
1
When none so well may warie now as I:
warie: complain
As weathercocke thy stablenes I finde,
And as the sea that still can never lie.
Bot since that tyme the trueth hath made me trie,
That in inconstance thou art constant still,
My courage sayes: 'On Cupide ceasse to crie,
That are rewarded thus for thy goodwill.'
For thogh, madame, I failde not to fullfill
All sort of service to a mistres dewe,
Yett absence, thogh bot for a space, did spill
spill: spoil
The thankes deserved of all my service trewe.
What shall I say? I never thought to see
That out of sight, should out of langour be.

An Epitaphe on Montgomrie

What drousie sleepe doth syle your eyes, allace,
syle: seal up
Ye sacred brethren of Castalian band?
And shall the prince of poets in our land
Goe thus to grave unmurned in anie cace?
No! Whett your pens, ye imps of heavenlie grace,
And toone me wp your sweete resounding strings,
And mount him so on your immortall wings
That ever he may live in everie place.
Remember on Montgomries flowand grace,
His suggred stile, his weightie words divine,
And how he made the sacred sisters nine
There montaine quitte, to followe on his trace.
trace: path
Though to his buriall was refused the bell,
The bell of Fame shall aye his praises knell.
Top